If "checked", every closed & continuous boundary for this layer will become filled polygons. If "unchecked", all closed boundaries for this layer will result as traces and use the Default Line Width (for the Trace diameter).
Important: To fill a boundary (in the Gerber file), requires closed 0-width polylines. If you draw a boundary using individual entities like: lines, arcs, or open 0-width polylines, they will not be filled polygon in the Gerber file even if you have "checked" FCB (Fill Closed Boundaries).
Why? The Gerber format specification requires that all "Polygon Fill Areas" are closed & continuous. Each filled polygon cannot have any redundant points or overlapping sections.